Revisiting Avicenna's (ad 980-1037) Anatomical Concepts of the Musculoskeletal and Peripheral Nervous Systems in the Canon of Medicine

Avicenna, as he is known in the West, was a famous Persian Muslim physician and influential philosopher-scientist of the medieval Islamic world. He wrote and compiled the Canon of Medicine text, a book which was adopted as the main text of medicine at the most Persian and Western universities. The book consists of basic medical sciences, applied clinical sciences and pharmacology. In the current study, we present an analysis of the anatomy of the musculoskeletal and peripheral nervous systems as viewed by Avicenna in the Canon of Medicine, and compare them with the relevant modern literature.

An Analysis of Historical Vignettes by Ibn Sina in the Canon of Medicine on the Structure and Function of the Cardiorespiratory Apparatus.

Ibn Sina is regarded as one of the greatest physicians, thinkers and medical scholars in the history of medicine. Ibn Sina, a Persian scholar in the medieval era, wrote a famous book of medicine, the Canon of Medicine. The book was adopted as the main textbook of medicine in most Western and Persian universities. In the present critique, we analyzed the functional and anatomic descriptions of the heart, airways and the lungs as viewed by Ibn Sina in volume three of the Canon of Medicine textbook, and compared them to modern anatomy texts.

The Structure and Function of the Central Nervous System and Sense Organs in the Canon of Medicine by Avicenna.

Ibn Sina (1037 AD), also known as Avicenna in the West, is recognized as one of the forefathers of modern medicine. He was widely accepted as an influential and leading scientific figure of the medieval ages. His book the "Canon of Medicine" collected all aspects of medical knowledge available from ancient Greek and Muslim sources and also added his own. The medical information he collected ranged from basic medical sciences to applied and specialized medical fields.  In the current vignette, we present an analysis of the basic anatomy of the brain, spinal cord and some sense organs as presented in the Canon of medicine and compare their relevance in modern medical practice and human anatomy knowledge.